A widespread diffusion of baskets can be found throughout the territory of Sardinia. What changes from area to area is the material used. Transported on horseback by specific street vendors ('corbulai'), they were not lacking in any home.
If the inner and hilly areas of the island used, as raw material in the construction, to the asphodel stalk (Ollolai, Olzai, Flussio, Montresta, Sennori), those of the plain, close to ponds or to the sea (San Vero Milis, Sinnai, Castelsardo), they made use of reeds, wheat or dwarf palm. The diversified and refined case history of “straw” baskets, for exclusive domestic use, is also accompanied by that of the barrel artifact (“pischedda”), also used outside the house as it is more resistant and equipped with a handle, therefore more adaptable to different stresses. Not unlike in technique from those made in many other parts of the globe, the asphodel or reed basket was created and developed by spirated concentric circles, according to the “continuously growing” method. The spiral is built with a bundle of stiffer matter which, with the aid of water and a piercing instrument (in the case of the asphodel, the sharp chicken shank is used), is stopped by spiraliform points that surround the filling bundle, also anchoring it to the previous round.
Before arriving at the actual construction of the basket, it is necessary to provide for the preparatory steps: collection, reduction of the material into thin slats and its drying in the sun. Natural heat to which, even after construction, the basket must be subjected. The time of harvesting the plants is important, allowed at particular times of the year and regulated by lunations, under penalty of the attack of insects or mold, enemies in the preservation of those essences. The most common types consist of the corbula (“colve, colvula, crobi”), a more or less deep concave basket (in recent cases also including a lid) and the low and wide basket (“canistedda”) with a variable size, from very large (even greater than one meter) to medium, to small or very small. For the Campidanese bride, both the dowry in crockery ('strexiu 'e terra') and the set in corbule, baskets and crivelli ('strexiu 'e fenu') were equally necessary for baking. In the Campidano house, equipped with an internal patio (“lolla”), a small room, tall and narrow, was the special shelter for these indispensable tools.
The more modest Barbarian home, marked by pastoral rather than frumentary rhythms, did not have a specialized environment for the storage of these containers. With the advent of tourists, the basket has also been enriched with decorations. In inland Sardinia, where everything is morphologically more severe and white/black is preferred over the color, the baskets did not bear any decoration unlike their counterparts in the Campidano which, on the other hand, especially those for festive occasions, show inserts made with wool, cotton or fabrics, often precious, of various shades. The basket, due to its natural adaptability, lends itself to being re-functionalized. In the 1950s, Eugenio Tavolara proposed a series in which forms taken from goldsmithery were recovered; one in particular achieved great success as a “magazine rack”.
Today, corbule and baskets are still produced, but their workmanship, very gross in thickness (in this way, the reduction in costs has been solved by reducing construction times), betrays the primary need to satisfy an undemanding tourist demand. An interesting fact: in Cagliari, at the end of the nineteenth century and still in the early twentieth century, there were “is piccioccus de crobi”, street children who, equipped with corbula, carried out fast and limited transport, especially of foodstuffs.
Gli amaretti (noti anche come amaretus, amarettus o amarettos) sono tra i dolci di mandorle più diffusi nell'isola e rappresentano l’eccezione alla regola della pasticceria sarda. Sono infatti tra i pochi dolci a non essere strettamente legati a una singola area geografica o a un'occasione specifica. La loro diffusione è trasversale a tutta la Sardegna e il consumo varia dalle cerimonie familiari a quello quotidiano. La caratteristica che differenzia l'amaretto sardo dalle versioni di altre regioni italiane è la consistenza: con una crosta leggermente asciutta che racchiude un cuore morbido. Questa struttura è dovuta alla proporzione tra gli ingredienti e alla granulometria della macinazione delle mandorle, fattori che mutano drasticamente tra le diverse tradizioni familiari e locali. Di regola l’amaretto non contiene farina o grassi aggiunti, il che lo rende un prodotto naturalmente privo di glutine. Gli aromi sono facoltativi, ma tra i più ricorrenti si ricordano la scorza grattugiata di limone o d'arancia. La mandorla amara, da cui prende il nome il dolce, è l'ingrediente che ne determina il profilo gustativo stabilendo l'intensità del retrogusto e bilanciando la dolcezza dello zucchero. Riducendo o eliminando la componente amara si ottiene una variante che in alcune zone dell'isola è chiamata amaretto dolce. La tradizione orale ricollega l'origine degli amaretti sardi all'area oristanese e, in particolare, ai centri dell'Alta Marmilla. Anche se la prima apparizione degli amaretti non è filologicamente verificabile, la presenza di dolci di mandorle nell'isola è attestata almeno all'epoca dei condaghes medievali. Pur essendo disponibili per tutto l’anno, nel calendario delle feste, gli amaretti sono associati a Sant'Antonio Abate e compaiono nei cesti di dolci preparati per le cerimonie invernali. Bibliografia Dolci in Sardegna. Storia e tradizione. Nuoro, Ilisso, 2011.G. Marongiu, Mandigos, gustos e licanzas. Selezione di ricette della tradizione orale della Sardegna. Vol. 1, Cagliari, Agenzia LAORE, 2020.Mandorlicoltura in Sardegna. Le varietà autoctone della Sardegna. Cagliari, Agenzia LAORE, 2021, pp. 40-57.S. Paulis, Dolci in Sardegna. Nuoro, Ilisso, 2024.
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